Error handling

What it is

Error handling distinguishes invalid input, conflicts, and unexpected failure.

When to use it

Preserve invariants and translate failures at boundaries.

Syntax

Invalid input -> 422
Forbidden -> 403
State conflict -> 409
Unexpected -> 500 + private report

Example

try {
    $result = $operation->run($input);
} catch (BusinessConflict $e) {
    return response()->json(["error" => "conflict"], 409);
}

Common mistakes

Swallowing exceptions can commit partial operations; retry only when semantics allow it.

Related topics